Circular Fashion Statistics
Despite growing secondhand demand, most clothing is still discarded, with end of use driving emissions.
Circular fashion aims to keep textiles in use longer and to redesign systems so materials don’t quickly become waste. Start with the reality that most clothing waste is not turned into new clothes—less than 1% gets recycled that way. Across Europe, around 82% of household textile waste is discarded rather than separately collected. This page connects those gaps to design choices, sorting and recycling pathways, and the environmental stakes behind what we buy and keep.
Written byAlexander EserCo-Founder, Rawshot.ai
Executive Summary
Key Takeaways
Despite growing secondhand demand, most clothing is still discarded, with end of use driving emissions.
12% of material used for clothing is downcycled into lower-value applications
Less than 1% of clothing waste is recycled into new clothes
End-of-use contributed 1% of fashion’s total GHG emissions in 2018
79% of retail executives say value is the biggest driver for customers buying secondhand
The apparel market is forecast to grow by 2% in real terms in 2024
North America held 32.8% of sustainable fashion market revenue in 2023
The average garment is kept about half as long as it was 15 years ago
In Europe, textile purchases in 2017 required about 391 kg of raw materials per person
It takes 2,700 litres of water to make one cotton shirt
Synthetic textiles account for about 60% of clothing and 70% of household textiles produced in Europe
Around 35% of all microplastics in the ocean come from washing synthetic textiles
The textile sector was the fifth largest source of primary raw material consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from EU household consumption in 2022
12.9% in 2015 — share of EU-27 (or EU) textile waste prepared for reuse in the waste management hierarchy (reused amount as a % of textile waste generated).
Section 01
Recycling & Waste
12% of material used for clothing is downcycled into lower-value applications [1]
Less than 1% of clothing waste is recycled into new clothes [2]
End-of-use contributed 1% of fashion’s total GHG emissions in 2018 [3]
About 82% of textile waste from households in Europe was discarded rather than separately collected in 2020 [4]
UK citizens send 300,000 tonnes of clothing to landfill or incineration each year [5]
Only 15% of textile waste generated by households in Europe is separately collected for reuse or recycling [6]
The recycled segment accounted for the largest share of the circular textiles market in 2023 at 63.4% [7]
The closed-loop recycling market is expected to register the fastest CAGR of 3.7% from 2024 to 2030 in textile recycling [8]
350,000 tonnes of used clothing goes to landfill in the UK every year [9]
The separate collection of textile waste will be mandatory in the EU from 1 January 2025 [10]
Recycled cotton accounted for less than 1% of global cotton production in 2022 [11]
Less than 1% of recycled clothing is turned back into new garments [12]
Section 02
Economic Value & Business
79% of retail executives say value is the biggest driver for customers buying secondhand [13]
The apparel market is forecast to grow by 2% in real terms in 2024 [14]
North America held 32.8% of sustainable fashion market revenue in 2023 [15]
North America accounted for 35.5% of secondhand apparel market revenue in 2023 [16]
25% of fashion leaders identified scaling circular business models as a top three priority in 2025 [17]
Section 03
Consumer Use & Behavior
The average garment is kept about half as long as it was 15 years ago [18]
Section 04
Production & Materials
In Europe, textile purchases in 2017 required about 391 kg of raw materials per person [19]
It takes 2,700 litres of water to make one cotton shirt [20]
Synthetic textiles account for about 60% of clothing and 70% of household textiles produced in Europe [21]
80% of a product’s environmental impact is determined at the design stage [22]
Section 05
Environmental Impact
Section 06
Trends
12.9% in 2015 — share of EU-27 (or EU) textile waste prepared for reuse in the waste management hierarchy (reused amount as a % of textile waste generated). [25]
References
Footnotes
- 1ellenmacarthurfoundation.org
- 2earth.org
- 3globalfashionagenda.org
- 4eea.europa.eu×6
- 5wrap.org.uk×2
- 7marketsandmarkets.com
- 8grandviewresearch.com×3
- 10environment.ec.europa.eu
- 11textileexchange.org
- 12weforum.org
- 13thredup.com
- 14euromonitor.com
- 17mckinsey.com×2
- 20unep.org
- 22eur-lex.europa.eu
- 23iucn.org
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Alexander Eser. (April 19, 2026). Circular Fashion Statistics. Rawshot.ai. https://rawshot.ai/statistic/circular-fashion
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Alexander Eser. "Circular Fashion Statistics." Rawshot.ai, 19 Apr 2026, https://rawshot.ai/statistic/circular-fashion.
Chicago
Alexander Eser. 2026. "Circular Fashion Statistics." Rawshot.ai. https://rawshot.ai/statistic/circular-fashion.
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