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Fashion · Report

Circular Fashion Statistics

Despite growing secondhand demand, most clothing is still discarded, with end of use driving emissions.

Circular fashion aims to keep textiles in use longer and to redesign systems so materials don’t quickly become waste. Start with the reality that most clothing waste is not turned into new clothes—less than 1% gets recycled that way. Across Europe, around 82% of household textile waste is discarded rather than separately collected. This page connects those gaps to design choices, sorting and recycling pathways, and the environmental stakes behind what we buy and keep.

Alexander EserWritten byAlexander EserCo-Founder, Rawshot.ai
UpdatedApril 19, 2026Read5 minSources25 verified
Circular Fashion Statistics

Executive Summary

Key Takeaways

Research reviewed

Despite growing secondhand demand, most clothing is still discarded, with end of use driving emissions.

  • 12% of material used for clothing is downcycled into lower-value applications

  • Less than 1% of clothing waste is recycled into new clothes

  • End-of-use contributed 1% of fashion’s total GHG emissions in 2018

  • 79% of retail executives say value is the biggest driver for customers buying secondhand

  • The apparel market is forecast to grow by 2% in real terms in 2024

  • North America held 32.8% of sustainable fashion market revenue in 2023

  • The average garment is kept about half as long as it was 15 years ago

  • In Europe, textile purchases in 2017 required about 391 kg of raw materials per person

  • It takes 2,700 litres of water to make one cotton shirt

  • Synthetic textiles account for about 60% of clothing and 70% of household textiles produced in Europe

  • Around 35% of all microplastics in the ocean come from washing synthetic textiles

  • The textile sector was the fifth largest source of primary raw material consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from EU household consumption in 2022

  • 12.9% in 2015 — share of EU-27 (or EU) textile waste prepared for reuse in the waste management hierarchy (reused amount as a % of textile waste generated).

Section 01

Recycling & Waste

  1. 12% of material used for clothing is downcycled into lower-value applications [1]

  2. Less than 1% of clothing waste is recycled into new clothes [2]

  3. End-of-use contributed 1% of fashion’s total GHG emissions in 2018 [3]

  4. About 82% of textile waste from households in Europe was discarded rather than separately collected in 2020 [4]

  5. UK citizens send 300,000 tonnes of clothing to landfill or incineration each year [5]

  6. Only 15% of textile waste generated by households in Europe is separately collected for reuse or recycling [6]

  7. The recycled segment accounted for the largest share of the circular textiles market in 2023 at 63.4% [7]

  8. The closed-loop recycling market is expected to register the fastest CAGR of 3.7% from 2024 to 2030 in textile recycling [8]

  9. 350,000 tonnes of used clothing goes to landfill in the UK every year [9]

  10. The separate collection of textile waste will be mandatory in the EU from 1 January 2025 [10]

  11. Recycled cotton accounted for less than 1% of global cotton production in 2022 [11]

  12. Less than 1% of recycled clothing is turned back into new garments [12]

Section 02

Economic Value & Business

  1. 79% of retail executives say value is the biggest driver for customers buying secondhand [13]

  2. The apparel market is forecast to grow by 2% in real terms in 2024 [14]

  3. North America held 32.8% of sustainable fashion market revenue in 2023 [15]

  4. North America accounted for 35.5% of secondhand apparel market revenue in 2023 [16]

  5. 25% of fashion leaders identified scaling circular business models as a top three priority in 2025 [17]

Section 03

Consumer Use & Behavior

  1. The average garment is kept about half as long as it was 15 years ago [18]

Section 04

Production & Materials

  1. In Europe, textile purchases in 2017 required about 391 kg of raw materials per person [19]

  2. It takes 2,700 litres of water to make one cotton shirt [20]

  3. Synthetic textiles account for about 60% of clothing and 70% of household textiles produced in Europe [21]

  4. 80% of a product’s environmental impact is determined at the design stage [22]

Section 05

Environmental Impact

  1. Around 35% of all microplastics in the ocean come from washing synthetic textiles [23]

  2. The textile sector was the fifth largest source of primary raw material consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from EU household consumption in 2022 [24]

Section 06

Trends

  1. 12.9% in 2015 — share of EU-27 (or EU) textile waste prepared for reuse in the waste management hierarchy (reused amount as a % of textile waste generated). [25]

References

Footnotes

  1. 1
    ellenmacarthurfoundation.org
    ellenmacarthurfoundation.org
  2. 2
    earth.org
    earth.org
  3. 3
    globalfashionagenda.org
    globalfashionagenda.org
  4. 4
    eea.europa.eu
    eea.europa.eu×6
  5. 5
    wrap.org.uk
    wrap.org.uk×2
  6. 7
    marketsandmarkets.com
    marketsandmarkets.com
  7. 8
    grandviewresearch.com
    grandviewresearch.com×3
  8. 10
    environment.ec.europa.eu
    environment.ec.europa.eu
  9. 11
    textileexchange.org
    textileexchange.org
  10. 12
    weforum.org
    weforum.org
  11. 13
    thredup.com
    thredup.com
  12. 14
    euromonitor.com
    euromonitor.com
  13. 17
    mckinsey.com
    mckinsey.com×2
  14. 20
    unep.org
    unep.org
  15. 22
    eur-lex.europa.eu
    eur-lex.europa.eu
  16. 23
    iucn.org
    iucn.org

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Alexander Eser. "Circular Fashion Statistics." Rawshot.ai, 19 Apr 2026, https://rawshot.ai/statistic/circular-fashion.

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