Fashion Consumption Statistics

In 2023, Zara parent Inditex reported total revenue of €37,581 million [1]

Inditex total revenue in FY 2023 was €37.6 billion [2]

Inditex online sales in FY 2023 were €5,602 million [2]

Inditex online sales represented 15% of total sales in FY 2023 [2]

H&M Group net sales in 2023 were SEK 219,000 million [3]

H&M Group online sales share of net sales in 2023 was 22% [3]

H&M Group reported 5,000+ stores globally (approx. 5,000) in 2023 [3]

Nike fiscal 2024 revenue was $51.2 billion [4]

Nike fiscal 2024 direct-to-consumer sales were 43% of total revenue [4]

Adidas group revenue in 2023 was €21.8 billion [5]

Adidas ecommerce sales share in 2023 was 28% [5]

US department stores recorded $60.7 billion in apparel and footwear sales in 2023 [6]

US specialty stores recorded $182.3 billion in apparel and footwear sales in 2023 [6]

Global luxury online share reached 30% in 2023 [7]

Bain estimates luxury e-commerce will account for 35–40% of sales by 2025 [7]

Footwear and apparel ecommerce share in the UK in 2023 was 26.3% [8]

Fashion ecommerce share in the UK in 2023 was 25.1% [8]

Zara operated 5,000+ stores worldwide in 2023 [9]

Mass-market retailer SHEIN's valuation estimate exceeded $60 billion in 2022 [10]

SHEIN reportedly had 150 million active customers globally (estimate) [11]

Vinted app had 82 million users in 2023 [12]

Depop had 30+ million users as of 2023 [13]

ThredUp had 20 million+ users (cumulative) [14]

Poshmark listed 80 million users as of 2023 [15]

Alibaba’s Taobao and Tmall combined GMV exceeded $1 trillion in 2023 [16]

JD.com 2023 net revenue was $38.7 billion [17]

Zalando 2023 revenue was €9.9 billion [18]

Zalando 2023 active customers were 44.4 million [18]

Zalando 2023 ecommerce share was 100% (online pure play) [18]

In a 2023 survey, 61% of consumers said they are willing to pay more for sustainable fashion [19]

In the 2023 BCG consumer study, 41% bought fewer items than before [19]

In 2024, 73% of consumers said sustainability influences their apparel purchases [20]

In 2023, 58% of consumers said they prefer brands that align with their values [21]

In a 2022 survey, 70% of respondents said they buy fewer but better-quality clothing items [22]

In the UK, 64% of consumers report they buy clothing less often than before [23]

In 2022, 55% of US consumers reported buying clothing online at least sometimes [24]

In 2023, 35% of US shoppers said they purchased clothing online in the past month [25]

In a 2024 consumer survey, 46% said they have returned online clothing at least once in the past year [26]

Return rates for apparel in ecommerce averaged 20%–30% in the US during 2022 [26]

In 2021, 26% of consumers said they shop for clothes based on discounts/promotions [27]

In 2021, 25% said they shop for the latest trends [27]

In 2021, 21% said comfort is the key factor when buying clothes [27]

In 2021, 19% said price is the key factor when buying clothes [27]

In 2020, 40% of consumers said they have bought secondhand clothes [28]

In 2020, 26% of US consumers said they have bought used clothing [29]

In 2019, 49% of global consumers said they would purchase used products [30]

In 2022, 42% of consumers said they repair clothing rather than replace it [31]

In 2022, 31% said they donate clothing they no longer wear [31]

In 2022, 27% said they sell unwanted clothing online [31]

In 2023, 52% of consumers said they want to see clear product information (materials, care) [32]

In 2023, 47% of consumers said they want brands to show environmental impact [32]

In 2024, 61% of consumers said they check fabric composition before buying [33]

In 2024, 39% said they buy because of brand reputation [33]

In 2023, 58% of millennials purchased from fast-fashion brands [34]

In 2023, 44% of Gen Z purchased from fast-fashion brands [34]

In 2022, 69% of Gen Z said they prefer sustainability-forward fashion [35]

In 2022, 73% of millennials said they consider sustainability when purchasing clothing [35]

In 2021, 45% of consumers said they have returned an item due to sizing issues [36]

In 2021, 28% said the item looked different than expected [36]

In 2021, 22% said delivery time or packaging issues caused returns [36]

In 2022, 34% of US consumers said they used mobile apps to shop for fashion [37]

In 2022, 29% said they used social media to discover fashion items [37]

In 2023, 18% of consumers said they purchased clothing after seeing it on TikTok [38]

In 2023, 24% of consumers said they purchased after seeing it on Instagram [38]

In 2022, 36% of consumers said they shop for wardrobe staples rather than seasonal pieces [39]

In 2023, 27% of consumers said they participate in clothing rentals [40]

In 2023, 52% of consumers said they would try clothing rental if it reduced cost [40]

In 2023, 44% of consumers said they'd try it if it reduced environmental impact [40]

In 2021, 57% of UK consumers said they look for discounts before buying clothes [41]

In 2022, 46% of UK consumers said they have a budget for clothing [42]

In 2022, 33% of UK consumers said they have reduced clothing spending due to inflation [42]

In 2023, 40% of EU consumers said they have become more price-conscious when buying apparel [43]

In 2023, 29% said they switched to cheaper brands [43]

In 2023, 26% said they buy only when items are discounted [43]

In 2023, 43% of shoppers said they follow fashion influencers on social media [44]

In 2023, 22% said they purchased a product directly because of an influencer post [44]

In 2022, 44% of US consumers said they use sustainability labels to decide what to buy [45]

Global apparel market size was valued at $2,104.2 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach $2,759.0 billion by 2030 [46]

The global apparel market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.6% from 2023 to 2030 [46]

The global fashion market (clothing/apparel) revenue was $1,535 billion in 2022 [47]

The global fashion market revenue is forecast to reach $2,055 billion by 2027 [47]

Global online apparel sales were $359 billion in 2023 [48]

Global online apparel sales are forecast to reach $770 billion by 2027 [48]

In 2022, the average annual growth rate of global fashion retail ecommerce revenue was 11.5% (CAGR) [49]

Revenue in the Fashion & Clothing market worldwide was estimated at $1,531.4 billion in 2022 [50]

Fashion & Clothing market revenue is forecast to reach $2,132.3 billion by 2027 [50]

In 2022, US apparel and footwear store sales were $381.5 billion [6]

In 2022, US retail sales of clothing and accessories were $125.7 billion (seasonally adjusted) [6]

In 2022, US retail sales of shoes were $44.5 billion [6]

In 2023, global luxury goods market size reached €354 billion [51]

Bain expects the global luxury market to grow by 3–5% in 2024 [51]

In 2023, US retail apparel and footwear sales were $327.4 billion [52]

The UK fashion retail market was worth £59.6 billion in 2022 [53]

The French fashion retail market was worth €30.4 billion in 2022 [54]

Japan apparel market sales were ¥17.9 trillion in 2022 [55]

India apparel market sales were $52.5 billion in 2022 [56]

China apparel market sales were $150.9 billion in 2022 [56]

In 2023, apparel & footwear accounted for 3.0% of global consumer spending [57]

The global fast-fashion market was valued at $45.1 billion in 2022 [58]

The fast-fashion market is forecast to reach $93.1 billion by 2030 [58]

The fast-fashion market forecast CAGR is 9.6% from 2023 to 2030 [58]

The global sustainable fashion market size was $6.3 billion in 2022 [59]

The sustainable fashion market is projected to grow to $15.9 billion by 2030 [59]

The sustainable fashion market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 12.1% from 2023 to 2030 [59]

The global market for used clothing was valued at $86 billion in 2023 [60]

Used clothing market size is expected to reach $114 billion by 2027 [60]

In 2023, the share of online fashion shoppers in the US was 48% [61]

In 2023, the average apparel spend per online shopper in the US was $1,270 [61]

In 2022, the average number of clothing items purchased per year in the UK was 36 [62]

In 2022, the average number of clothing items purchased per year in Germany was 29 [62]

In 2021, global clothing consumption per capita was 13.3 kg [63]

In 2019, global clothing consumption per capita was 12.1 kg [63]

In 2020, global clothing production was about 110 billion garments [64]

By 2030, global clothing production is projected to reach 134 billion garments [64]

The global apparel market includes $385 billion from the US in 2023 (apparel and footwear stores) [65]

US apparel and footwear store sales in 2023 were $382.4 billion [65]

In 2023, China online apparel sales were $348.3 billion [48]

In 2023, the Chinese apparel e-commerce share reached 24.4% [66]

In 2022, the share of women in global fashion retail was 62% [67]

The State of Fashion 2024 report forecasts inflation to ease but demand to remain volatile, affecting consumer consumption [68]

McKinsey reports that consumers are trading down and reducing discretionary spend [68]

In the EU, textiles producer responsibility schemes apply to 90% of textiles waste (policy coverage estimate) [69]

In the UK, the average annual expenditure on clothing and footwear per household was £1,364 in 2022 [70]

In the UK, household spending on clothing and footwear decreased by 2.5% in 2023 (real terms) [70]

In the US, average spend per consumer on apparel and footwear was $1,238 in 2023 [71]

In 2023, US personal consumption expenditures for apparel and footwear were $444.5 billion [72]

In 2023, US PCE for apparel was $336.2 billion [72]

In 2023, US PCE for footwear was $108.3 billion [72]

In the US, clothing and footwear CPI increased by 4.9% in 2023 [73]

In the US, clothing CPI increased by 4.7% in 2023 [73]

In the US, footwear CPI increased by 5.2% in 2023 [73]

UK clothing and footwear inflation rate was 6.8% in March 2023 [74]

UK clothing and footwear inflation rate was 5.4% in September 2023 [74]

EU apparel inflation was 4.0% in 2023 (estimate) [75]

Global consumer spending on clothing and footwear grew modestly in 2023 (real terms) [76]

In 2022, the average price paid for apparel in the US was $25.10 per item [77]

In 2022, the average price paid for shoes in the US was $44.30 per pair [77]

In 2023, consumers in the US reported spending $1,050 on apparel annually (median, estimate) [78]

In 2023, the average household clothing spend in Canada was CAD 1,500 [79]

In 2023, the average household clothing spend in Germany was €1,200 [79]

In 2023, household clothing spend in France was €1,040 [79]

In 2022, UK retailers offered an average discount of 23% on clothing during sales events [80]

In 2022, the average markdown rate for apparel in the US was about 30% [81]

In 2023, the median household income in the US was $74,580, affecting affordability of discretionary clothing [82]

In 2023, 38% of US consumers reported they are cutting back on discretionary spending including clothing [83]

In 2023, 46% of consumers said they switched to cheaper brands for apparel [83]

In 2023, 52% said they used discounts/coupons more often [83]

In 2023, 41% said they delayed clothing purchases due to prices [83]

In 2022, the average price of a cotton t-shirt was $12.35 (global) [84]

In 2022, the average price of a pair of jeans was $38.18 [84]

In 2022, consumers in the UK reported that prices in clothing rose by 5.5% over the year [74]

In 2023, clothing import prices in the US increased by 3.2% [85]

In 2023, the US PPI for apparel increased by 2.8% [86]

In 2023, the US PPI for footwear increased by 4.1% [86]

In 2022, apparel accounts for about 3.1% of household consumption expenditures in the US (estimate) [77]

In 2023, the share of consumers using buy-now-pay-later for apparel purchases was 18% [87]

In 2023, the share of consumers using BNPL for fashion items in the UK was 22% [87]

In 2023, the average BNPL order size for apparel was about $180 [87]

The fashion industry produces 2.1 billion tonnes of CO2e annually [88]

Fast fashion is associated with 10,000 tonnes of clothing waste entering landfills every day in the UK [89]

The UK produced 1 million tonnes of textile waste in 2022 [89]

In the US, textiles sent to landfills were 8.5 million tons in 2018 [90]

In the US, textile recycling rate was 15.2% in 2018 [90]

Only 15% of clothing waste is recycled globally [91]

92 million tons of textile waste is generated globally per year [91]

The Ellen MacArthur Foundation estimated the fashion industry is worth $3.0 trillion and yields $500 billion in value leakage from overproduction [92]

20% of global wastewater comes from industry including textiles dyes [93]

Textile dyeing and finishing accounts for 20% of global industrial water pollution [94]

Producing one cotton t-shirt uses about 2,700 liters of water [95]

Producing one pair of jeans uses about 7,500 liters of water [95]

Microfibers from synthetic textiles are a significant source of ocean plastic pollution [96]

About 35% of global microplastics are from textile fibers [96]

In the EU, 5.8 million tonnes of textiles are consumed annually [69]

In the EU, textiles waste generated was 12.6 million tonnes in 2020 [69]

The EU aims to make textiles more durable, repairable, and recyclable by reducing waste [69]

In 2022, textiles were the fourth largest waste stream by weight in the EU [69]

The EU proposal aims that by 2030 textile waste should be reduced [69]

In 2019, greenhouse gas emissions from apparel and footwear were about 2.1 billion tonnes CO2e [97]

WRI notes fashion accounts for around 2% of global greenhouse gas emissions [97]

Textile production contributes about 3.0 billion cubic meters of water annually (est.) [64]

The carbon footprint of the average garment is 3–10 kg CO2e (varies) [64]

Clothing is responsible for about 4% of global water consumption (est.) [64]

Production of textiles uses about 93 billion cubic meters of water each year (est.) [64]

1 in 6 people in the world work in or near the fashion industry (labor) [98]

ILO estimates 40 million workers are employed in textile and clothing industries [99]

ILO reports that the sector has frequent overtime and precarious work arrangements [99]

In a 2020 report, 99% of clothing items were not recycled into new products [100]

The Ellen MacArthur Foundation estimated the industry’s materials value is not captured—$100 billion value leakage annually [100]