Key Insights
Global clothing production doubled between 2000 and 2014 while the number of garments purchased per capita increased by about 60 percent
The average consumer buys 60 percent more items of clothing and keeps them for about half as long as they did 15 years ago
Consumers in the United Kingdom order an average of 4.3 online fashion items per month
Generation Z commands 40 percent of total consumer shopping power for fashion
54 percent of Gen Z shoppers have bought second-hand clothing but 72 percent still buy fast fashion
90 percent of Gen Z consumers have made changes to be more sustainable in their daily lives yet drive ultra-fast fashion sales
66 percent of global consumers are willing to pay more for sustainable goods
88 percent of consumers want brands to help them be more environmentally friendly
52 percent of consumers believe the fashion industry is not doing enough for the environment
The global second-hand apparel market will grow 127 percent by 2026
62 percent of consumers say inflation has made them more likely to buy second-hand
The fast fashion market size was valued at $106 billion in 2022
The equivalent of one garbage truck of textiles is landfilled or burned every second
85 percent of all textiles go to the dump each year
Less than 1 percent of material used to produce clothing is recycled into new clothing
Consumer Demographics & Influence
Generation Z commands 40 percent of total consumer shopping power for fashion
54 percent of Gen Z shoppers have bought second-hand clothing but 72 percent still buy fast fashion
90 percent of Gen Z consumers have made changes to be more sustainable in their daily lives yet drive ultra-fast fashion sales
Millennial consumers are 23 percent more likely to purchase sustainable fashion than Baby Boomers
53 percent of consumers aged 18-24 admit that social media influencers impact their purchasing decisions
Shein was the most downloaded fashion app in the US in 2022 primarily driven by Gen Z
Men engage in sustainable fashion shopping 20 percent less frequently than women
65 percent of Chinese consumers consider themselves environmentally conscious regarding fashion compared to 55 percent of US consumers
1 in 3 Gen Z consumers say they are "addicted" to fast fashion
42 percent of millennials check a brand's sustainability credentials before buying
Women aged 16-24 are the most frequent buyers of fast fashion in the UK
72 percent of Gen Z participants said they would pay more for sustainably produced products
TikTok's #haul tag has over 25 billion views driving youth consumption
80 percent of luxury fashion growth is driven by Millennial and Gen Z consumers helping blur lines with high-street fashion
55 percent of urban Chinese consumers are willing to buy second-hand clothing
46 percent of US consumers are willing to try virtual try-on technology to reduce returns
Households with children spend 30 percent more on apparel annually than those without
52 percent of female consumers in the EU check care labels for material composition
62 percent of Gen Z prefer to buy from sustainable brands compared to 54 percent of Gen X
Only 17 percent of Baby Boomers are willing to pay a premium for sustainable fashion
Interpretation
Today's fashion scene is gloriously conflicted: Gen Z controls about 40 percent of shopping power and even though 90 percent say they have adopted more sustainable habits and 72 percent still buy fast fashion with one in three admitting an addiction, they keep ultra-fast retailers thriving through influencer and TikTok-fueled hauls while millennials, regional differences, gender gaps and family spending patterns turn sustainability into an aspiration more than a consistent shopping practice.
Consumption Habits & Volume
Global clothing production doubled between 2000 and 2014 while the number of garments purchased per capita increased by about 60 percent
The average consumer buys 60 percent more items of clothing and keeps them for about half as long as they did 15 years ago
Consumers in the United Kingdom order an average of 4.3 online fashion items per month
20 percent of shoppers admit to buying clothes they never wear
Women wear a garment an average of 7 times before throwing it away
The average American family spends $1,700 on clothes annually
40 percent of consumers admit they have purchased clothing just for the purpose of posting it on social media
Fast fashion consumption is projected to rise by 63 percent by 2030
85 percent of consumers have bought clothing in the past 12 months
41 percent of shoppers engage in impulse buying specifically for fashion items
American consumers purchase approximately 68 garments per person per year
One in three young women consider clothes ‘old’ after wearing them once or twice
50 percent of consumer closet space is filled with unworn clothing
During the holiday season, 46 percent of consumers plan to buy clothing as gifts contributing to volume spikes
UK consumers possess an estimated £30 billion worth of unworn clothing
The average wardrobe consists of 148 items
33 percent of consumers buy new clothes every month
48 percent of US consumers shop for clothes online at least once a month
The global apparel market is expected to grow to 2 trillion dollars by 2027 driven by consumption volume
25 percent of consumers would pay more for personalization but often opt for mass-produced fast fashion for speed
Interpretation
We are churning out twice as many clothes as before while buying 60 percent more and keeping them half as long, turning wardrobes into graveyards of unworn garments bought for impulses or Instagram and fueling a multibillion-dollar fast fashion machine set to grow 63 percent by 2030 at great cost to wallets and the planet.
Disposal, Waste & Circularity
The equivalent of one garbage truck of textiles is landfilled or burned every second
85 percent of all textiles go to the dump each year
Less than 1 percent of material used to produce clothing is recycled into new clothing
The average American throws away 81 pounds of clothing every year
60 percent of discarded clothes are made of synthetic fibers that do not decay
30 percent of clothes produced are never sold and often destroyed
Washing clothes releases 500000 tons of microfibers into the ocean each year
50 percent of people throw unwanted clothes directly in the trash rather than donating
Textile waste has increased by 811 percent since 1960
73 percent of the world's clothing eventually ends up in landfills
Only 12 percent of clothing material ends up being recycled in some form mostly as insulation
20 to 25 percent of pledged donations to thrift stores are actually sold while the rest is exported or trashed
Returns generate 5.8 billion pounds of landfill waste annually in the US
Consumers keep items for half as long as they did in the early 2000s accelerating disposal
Extending the life of clothing by just nine months would reduce carbon waste and water footprints by 20 to 30 percent
40 percent of donations to charities are of such poor quality (fast fashion) they are deemed "rags"
16 percent of consumers discard clothes because they "don't like them anymore"
95 percent of textiles destined for landfill could be recycled or reused
Fashion waste is responsible for 4 percent of global solid waste
69 percent of clothes are made of polyester plastics that shed into water systems upon disposal
Interpretation
We've turned clothing into disposable pollution, sending a garbage truck of textiles to the dump every second, recycling less than one percent and piling unsold, returned and polyester-made garments that shed microfibers into the ocean, even though most of this mess could be reused or recycled if we stopped treating our clothes like yesterday's confetti.
Economic Drivers & Market Shifts
The global second-hand apparel market will grow 127 percent by 2026
62 percent of consumers say inflation has made them more likely to buy second-hand
The fast fashion market size was valued at $106 billion in 2022
Online sales of fast fashion grew by 21 percent during the pandemic years
58 percent of consumers say price is the primary barrier to purchasing sustainable fashion
The resale market is growing 3 times faster than the primary global apparel market
Clothing prices have decreased by 12 percent globally from 2000 to 2020 due to supply chain efficiencies
25 percent of secondhand revenue is expected to come from brands' own resale shops by 2025
70 percent of online shopping carts are abandoned often due to shipping costs or final price
The cost per wear of clothing has decreased as consumers buy cheaper items
Ultra-fast fashion brands update their inventory daily with thousands of new SKUs to drive economic turnover
46 percent of items in the fast fashion market are sold at a discount
Fast fashion retailers have a profit margin averaging 16 percent compared to 7 percent for traditional retail
35 percent of consumers buy clothing using "Buy Now Pay Later" services
Return rates for e-commerce fashion sit between 30 and 40 percent impacting retail margins
The cost of returns in the US alone reached $816 billion in 2022 across retail heavily led by fashion
Secondhand clothing sales replaced 1 billion purchases of new clothing in 2021
45 percent of fast fashion shoppers say they would shop less if prices increased by 20 percent
Global spending on clothing and footwear is projected to reach $3.3 trillion by 2030
1 in 2 consumers cite "saving money" as the top reason for thrifting over buying new fast fashion
Interpretation
Cheap clothes won the price war but are losing the momentum: a $106 billion fast fashion machine pumps out thousands of daily SKUs and higher margins while discounts, BNPL and hidden return costs fuel impulse buys, yet squeezed shoppers—62 percent blaming inflation and half thrifting to save money—are driving a resale surge growing 127 percent by 2026 and three times faster than new apparel, forcing brands to launch their own resale shops or face the true bill for “cheap” fashion.
Sustainability Attitudes & Awareness
66 percent of global consumers are willing to pay more for sustainable goods
88 percent of consumers want brands to help them be more environmentally friendly
52 percent of consumers believe the fashion industry is not doing enough for the environment
75 percent of consumers view sustainability as an important factor when making a purchase
However only 7 percent of consumers prioritize sustainability as the key purchasing criterion over price and style
60 percent of consumers claim they are interested in clothing repair services to extend garment life
79 percent of consumers say they are changing their purchase preferences based on social responsibility
37 percent of consumers say they don't know how to access sustainable fashion
34 percent of consumers say they have boycotted a brand due to unethical practices
48 percent of consumers feel confused by sustainability terminology used by brands
78 percent of consumers want more transparency about where their clothes are made
57 percent of shoppers say they would change their purchasing habits to reduce negative environmental impact
Trust in fashion brands' sustainability claims has dropped to 21 percent among informed consumers
43 percent of consumers believe manufacturers are most responsible for the environmental impact of clothing not the consumer
67 percent of consumers consider the use of sustainable materials as an important purchasing factor
92 percent of consumers say they want to live more sustainably but only 16 percent are actively changing their behaviors
Consumers estimate they wear their clothes 40 percent more often than they actually do indicating an awareness gap
38 percent of consumers are aware that the fashion industry is a major polluter of water
27 percent of consumers feel "guilty" about buying fast fashion products
80 percent of consumers believe that fashion brands should be required to provide information on their supply chain
Interpretation
Consumers want clothes that behave better than the industry does: many say they're willing to pay more and demand transparency, repairs and ethical accountability, yet a yawning gap between intention and action, low trust in brand claims, confusing green jargon and limited access mean manufacturers and brands must stop greenwashing and deliver clear, traceable solutions if they hope to turn concern into real change.
Sources & References
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